History of Pakistan Automobile

The automotive development in Pakistan can be divided in to four periods.
1. Nascent Period (1949-1971)
National motor limited: The first automaker company was established with equity participation of General Motor Corporation. Its assembly unit was built in Lahore as Semi kock down (SKD) production for Bedford trucks and passenger cars. In 1960 Rover and Massey Ferguson Tractors launched Complete Knock Down (CKD) for Jeeps and Tractors respectively. Automotive parts industry was also established but lacking latest technology and operated as small family oriented enterprises. Most of the automotive parts were imported. According to estimation only 20% parts of total production were indigenous built. British Ford and Vauxhall were produced as passenger cars.
2. Nationalization Period (1972-1982)
During Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto regime the nationalization of all industries took places in 1972 . all automotive industries integrated under Pakistan Automotive Corporation (PACO). Pickup trucks of Suzuki and Toyota (Hi-Ace), Mazda Trucks and Ford vans. Two Wheeler industry also started under PACO.

3. Private partnership (1983-1990)
In 1980 PACO started joint project with private companies to start automobile production in exchange for the establishment of the 75% Local content in five years. The first project was initiated in 1982 with collaboration of Pakistan Automotive Corporation Suzuki motors. Suzuki equity was 12.1% in 1983. This venture manufacturer  passengers car, Pick ups, Vans and Jeeps producing around 45,000 units annually. A new plant was built in Bin Qasim. In 1990 installed with modern automobile production as Suzuki all types of Vehciles were made in integrated production process from steel plates to final assembly.
Many other projects started production like HONDA, Toyota and iahatsu started local assembly of passenger Cars. Hino started manufacturing of buses and trucks.
The government policy of 75 local content contributed remarkably for local auto parts which started getting help from Auto Makers inorder to ensyred quality .
4. Post privatization (1991 – present)
In 1991 a new era of automobile industry emerage as PACO was privatized . Following companies emerged.

1. Pak Suzuki Motor Company Limited:    

The majority of Pak Suzuki shares were acquired by Suzuki in 1992. It built a new assembly unit having integrated production line capable of producing Handling press work, Wielding coating and assembly.

2) Indus Motor Company Limited

Toyota motor corporation was joint ventures between Indus Motors , Toyota Tsusho Corporation and Habib group with equity ratio of 12.5, 12.5 and 40% respectively. A new plant was constructed in Bin Qasim which started the production of Corolla as well as Hi-lux and Cuore.

3) Honda Atlas Cars Pakistan Limited

1992, Honda Atlas Cars Pakistan Limited was established with joint ventures between Honda Motor Company Limited and Atlas Group. The commercial operation was started in 1994. With main production of City and Civic Models .
Another ventures for the production of two wheeler industry was establishement of Honda Atlas Corporation with equity contribution of 49% of Honda and 51 Atlas. This assembly line was built in Karachi and Lahore for the production of 70cc, 100cc and 125 cc .
4) Other remaining Industries:

Other leading automakers in Pakistan are Ghandhara Nissan Limited (GNL) and Dewan Farooq Limited.

Presidents of Pakistan

In 1947 Pakistan became a dominion within the British Commonwealth with the British Monarch as head of state. The monarch was represented in Pakistan by a Governor-General of Pakistan. There was no constitution established until 1956 and even some called Pakistan “Sarzameen-e-BeAyeen” (سرزمینِ بے آئین) for that. In 1956, dominion ended when the first constitution was established, and the position Governor-General was changed into the President.

Now here’s the Timeline of the Presidents of Pakistan:

• Iskander Mirza (1899–1969)

Iskander Mirza was the first President of Pakistan elected in 1956 democratically. He had served as Governor-General of Pakistan before 1956. He was deposed in a Coup d’état by General Ayub Khan in 1958.

• Ayub Khan (1907–1974)

Ayub Khan was appointed Chief Martial Law Administrator by Iskander Mirza in 1957 and after overthrowing him in 1958, he declared himself the President of Pakistan.  He took office in 27 October, 1958 and took control over country. The constitution was revised and President became ruler. But in 1963 election was held and he defeated Fatima Jinnah. He remained president of Pakistan until 1969 when under pressure of the opposition he handed power to Yahya Khan. He left presidency in 25 March of 1969.

• Yahya Khan (1917–1980)

He took over control in 1969 after Ayub Khan and after almost 3 years he resigned in 20 December, 1971 after Bangladesh Liberation War (Indo-Pakistani War of 1971).

• Zulfikar Ali Bhutto (1928–1979)

Bhutto became president in 20 December 1971 and he remained president until the new constitution was passed in 13 August 1973. This constitution gave power to the Prime Minister and reduced the presidency as figurehead position. So Bhutto resigned as a President and became Prime Minister.

• Fazal Ilahi Chaudhry (1904–1982)

He became president on 14 August 1973 after Bhutto resigned. He was a constitutional President whose authority was exercised by Prime Minister Bhutto. He resigned in 1978 and handed it over to General Zia-ul-Haq. He left office on 16 September 1978.

• Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq (1924–1988)

Zia took over control as a Military Dictator and became President of Pakistan on 16 September 1978. He introduced eighth amendment to by which presidency gained again premier position in Pakistani government. He died in a plane crash on 17 August 1988.

• Ghulam Ishaq Khan (1915–2006)

After Zia’s death, Ghulam Ishaq Khan became president on 17 August 1988. He tried to dismiss Nawaz Sharif government in 1993 but was overturned by the court. He resigned along with Sharif in agreement brokered by Armed Forces.

• Wasim Sajjad (Born 1941)

He was an acting president during 18 July 1993 – 14 November 1993.

• Farooq Leghari (1940–2010)

Leghari was elected as a president in 1993. He took office in 14 November 1993. Afterwards he clashed with Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif and he had to resign in 2 December 1997.

• Wasim Sajjad (Born 1941)

Wasim Sajjad served again as an acting president for 29 days from 2 December 1997 to 1 January 1998.

• Muhammad Rafiq Tarar (Born 1929)

He was elected democratically on 1 January 1998. He resigned in 2001.

• Pervez Musharraf (Born 1943)

He was a military dictator. He took over control on 20 June 2001 and declared himself president of Pakistan. He served as a Chief Executive until 2002 and he resigned in 2008.

• Muhammad Mian Soomro (Born 1950)

He was acting President for 22 days from 18 August 2008 to 9 September 2008.

• Asif Ali Zardari (Born 1955)

9 September 2008 – 8 September 2013

• Mamnoon Hussain (Born 1940)

Presently, he is serving as President of Pakistan.

Pakistan !!! My first Love

Officially Islamic Republic of Pakistan is one of the most important country located in South Asia. The ideological state got its independence on 14 August, 1947 from world’s political elite. Islamabad is capital of Pakistan. it’s neighbors are India in East, China in north, Afghanistan in west and Iran on its south-west. the country has become strategically very important because of its position.
Pakistan has five provinces; Punjab, Sindh, K.P.K, Balochistan and Giligit Baltistan. its population is approximately 19 crore with major inhabitants are Muslims comprising about 95% while other minorities are Hinduism, Christianity And other religions.
Pakistan is one of the most beautiful countries in the world, From world second highest mountain top K-2 to 1,100 coastal line, from coldest areas of Skardu to warmest areas of sibbi ,deserts ,hills, forest and Azad Kashmir also known as heaven on earth. these beautiful landscapes attracts thousands of domestic and international tourists.
Pakistan economy is agrarian and semi industrial economy. its major exports are oranges, mangoes, furniture sports goods , carpets, rugs, white and red meat and different electrical appliances and textile items. Pakistan total G.D.P is $245 billions and per capita income is $1370.